Basic Mathematical Symbols and Terms

Basic Mathematical Symbols and Terms

Mathematical symbols, with some brief meanings and uses, and how it is called with examples.

Basic Operators:

+ (plus), it is used when adding, example: 1+3 =2 etc.

- (minus), it is used when subtracting, for example, 5-3=2, etc.

× (multiply), it is used when multiplying, for example, 3x4=12, etc.

÷ (divide), it is used when dividing, for example, 6÷2=3, etc.

± (plus-minus), it is used when it is either positive or negative, for example, ± 2 means -2, and +2, etc.

≠ (not equal), it is used to tell that a quantity or value is not equal, for example, 3≠ 2, x≠ 4, etc.

Lessor less than:

< (less than), means cannot be greater, ex. 2<3, 45 < 100

≮(not less than), means not lower than, ex. 2≮2, 3≮2, etc.

≤ (less than or equal to), a number is less and at the same time equal to the other, ex. 3≤3, 4≤4..this can be found usually on sets, number lines.

⪇ (less than but not equal to), means a number is less than another number or quantity, ex.2≨3

≲ (less than or equivalent to), 12 in. ≲ 13 in.

≰ (neither less than nor equal to), ex. 10 ≴ 5.

≴ (neither less than nor equal to), ex. 7 ≴ 6.

≶ (less than or greater than), this happens when the result is not exact. ex. "The statistical result might be less than or greater than average."

≷(greater than or less than), this happens when the result is not exact.ex. "The statistical result might be greater than or less than average."

≸(neither less than nor greater than), this happens when the result is exact.ex. The measure of 1 foot is neither less than nor greater than 12 inches.

≹ (neither greater than nor less than), this happens when the result is exact.ex. The measure of 1 foot is neither greater than nor less than 12 inches.

≨ (same as ⪇, but with a single line), means a number is less than another, ex. 2⪇3,1⪇4, etc.

⋦ (less than but not equivalent to), means lower but not rounded-off so not equivalent.ex. 1.99⋦2

⪉ (less than but not approximate to), means lower but not rounded-off so not equivalent.ex. 1.99⋦2

⋘ (very much less than), 

ex.

⋚ (less than equal to or greater than)

⋛ (greater than equal to or less than)

⋜ (equal to or less than), a number is less and at the same time equal to the other, ex. 3≤3, 4≤4..this can be found usually on sets, number lines.

⩽ (same as ≤, with slant line)

Greater or greater than:

> (greater than), means a number or quantity is higher than, ex. 3>2, 5>1, etc.

≥ (greater than or equal to), means a number or quantity is greater than or equal to, ex. 5≥4, this means a line in a graph might start exactly at 5 or pin-point higher than 5.

≧ (greater than or equal to), same as ≥ with double lines.

≩ (greater than but not equal to), means a number or quantity is absolutely greater than another, ex. 5≩4. This is when a line projection in a graph starts higher than 5.

≱ (neither greater than nor equal to), 

≳ (greater than or equivalent to)

≵(neither greeter than nor equivalent to)

≶ (less than or greater than)

≷ (greater than or less than)

≸ (neither less than nor greater than)

≹ (neither greater than nor less than)

≯(not greater than), means not higher than, ex. 3≯3, 2≯3, etc.

≩ (greater than but not equal to), it means a number is greater but cannot be equal, ex. 3≩2

≫ (much greater than)

⋙ (very much greater than)

⋚ (less than equal to or greater than)

⋛ (greater than equal to or less than)

Other Symbols:

∧(AND), used in Boolean Algebra, means a conjunction of two statements, ex. "A AND B" is "A∧B".

∨(OR), used in Boolean Algebra, means disjunction of two statements, ex. "A OR B" is "A∨B".

⋀ (N-ary logic AND), is an n-ary semigroup which is also an n-ary quasigroup,

ex.

⋁ (N-ary logic OR), a collection of truth values, used in Boolean Algebra, 

ex.

∀ (for all, for every), Universal quantifier, ex. ∀ x ∊ IR, and answerable by true or false on proving.

∃ (there exist, there is at least), existential quantifier, ex. ∃ x ∊ IR, and answerable by true or false on proving.

⊻ , ⊕, (XOR,exclusive or), 

ex. 

⊽ (NOR), not "OR", click for more examples

⊂ (a subset of)

⊄(not a sunset of)

∈ (is an element of)

∉ (is not an element of)

⊈ (neither a subset of nor equal to)

∋ (contains as a member)

∌ (does not contain a member)

⊃ (a superset of)

⋑ (double superset)

∑ (summation of)

⋃ (union, of sets)

⋂ (intersection, of sets)

∫ (integral)

∯ (surface integral)

∰ (volume integral)

～ (tilde, sometimes negation in Boolean), ex. given 1, the "not 1" is ～1.

≁ (no tilde)

≃ (asymptotically equal to)

≄ (not asymptotically equal)

Special Characters:

! (exclamation mark), used for factorials, ex. 3!=3.2.1=6, 4!=4.3.2.1=24,etc.

"" (quotation marks), used when telling specific term, ex. "x", "age", "mph", etc.

% (percent), used to indicate a percent, ex. 10%, 100%, 207%, 0.23%, 1.046%, etc.

# (number sign), used to indicate numbers, ex. #3, #2, #27, etc.

& (ampersand), means "and", ex. x and y = x&y, 

@ (commercial at), a lot of use, ex. @x =2, @ 10.00 A.M., "@ the speed of", etc.

? (question mark), to ask a question, ex. How long would it take...?, What are the ages? etc.

§ (section), used to indicate a specific location of the script, found in books.

/ (solidus or forward slash), used in programming, specifying in path file name,ex. home/pictures/img

: (colon), denotes ratio, ex. "1 is to 2" or 1:2, "3 is to 4" or 3:4, etc.

; (semicolon), used to avoid ambiguity, ex. (0;1)

Geometry Symbols:

∠ , angle

∡, measured angle

∥ , parallel, parallel to

∦ , not parallel to

⋕ , equal and parallel to

⏊ , perpendicular

Δ, triangle

▱ , parallelogram

', minute of arc

", second of arc

∴, therefore

⩭, congruent

≠, not equal to

≈, almost equal to, approximately

≡, identical to

>, greater than

<, less than

∟, right angle

⌒, arc

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